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Text Elements
FI: 1. Promotion of conceptual disciplinary understanding
FI:2. Connection of disciplinary content to practical examples or learner lives
TM:5. Current news or popular media used to connect to the issue
TM:3. Content is related to prior learning
TM:4. Issues focused from the outset, and throughout the lesson
FI:3. Consideration of the disciplinary epistemic norms (e.g., nature of science, nature of history)
TM:6. Summative or formative assessment is used to probe understanding of disciplinary epistemic norms
FI:6. Focus on disciplinary practices (e.g., arguing like a historian, scientific modeling, evidence evaluation)
TM:1. Provision of scaffolding resources focused on epistemic disciplinary practices
RT:3 Evidence students are engaged in these disciplinary epistemic practices
TM:7. Summative or formative assessment is used to probe understanding of disciplinary epistemic practices
RT:4 Students collect or analyze evidence regarding the issue
FI:4. Focus on different perspectives on the issue
RT:3 Students assess different perspectives on the issue
FI:5. Focus on social or political aspects of the issue
RT:2 Students consider and negotiate the social or political aspects of the issue
TM:2 Provision of opportunities for self-reflection and metacognition regarding learning
RT:1 Teacher facilitates learning rather than authority
RT:2 Teacher has clear expertise on the lesson content
RT:5 Students engage with ethical aspects of the issue
CE:1 Classroom is collaborative and interactive
CE:2 Respect between students and teachers is mutual
Learning activity
Learning target
Pre-requisite of
Positive learning environment
Focus of learning
Pedagogic strategies
Mapping features adapted from the Classroom Observation Protocol for SSI-based instruction, Topçu, Foulk, Sadler, Pitiporntapin, Atabey, 2018
Items are individually rewritten to broaden focus beyond SSI, and to emphasise epistemic features. Hierarchy is introduced to make clear links between items.
The item categories are regrouped (numbers provide the original item inspiring the item.
Where numbers are preceded by letters, these are FI=Focus of Instruction; TM=Teaching Moves, RT=Role of teacher; CE=Classroom Environment.
Pre-requisite of